Vaginal microbioma and the presence of Lactobacillus spp. as interferences in female fertility: A review system.

The vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and the depletion of these microorganisms have been associated with adverse conditions that can affect women's health. Disturbance of the vaginal niche with a non-lactobacillary microbiota is associated with susceptibility to some diseases, such as obstetric alterations and infertility, resulting in failure in natural pregnancies and increased demand for assisted reproduction treatments. The present study sought to understand the influence of Lactobacillus spp. and fertility female. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS, using the keywords: "Microbiome"; "Lactobacillus" and "Female Infertility", published in the last five years. The search resulted in 92 articles; however, 38 articles were excluded due to duplicity, 23 articles were excluded in the selection title/abstract, leaving 31 articles for full reading. In the end, 18 articles were analyzed. The studies encompassed a total of 2,011 women, using 27 types of samples to verify the composition of the microbiome. The eighteen articles that reported the microbiome of fertile women were constituted by a dominance of Lactobacillus spp. who joined to positive predictive outcomes in reproduction, while infertile women showed a dysbiotic profile. Therefore, analyzing bacterial patterns would allow a personalized diagnosis, which could favor personalized therapy for prevention and treatment of certain diseases.

Microbiota and seminal quality: A systematic review.

The microbiota is composed of numerous resident microorganisms, which contribute to the health and illness of the individual. When the microbiota is in dysbiosis, it can cause some pathological processes and in men it can be correlated with male infertility, so the present study does a systematic review, identifying whether there is a correlation between the microbiota and seminal quality. We analyzed 7 papers published in PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane library databases, in English and published between 2012 and 2022. In men with normal semen parameters, a higher prevalence of Lactobacillus. There was a higher prevalence of Prevotella in patients who had some seminal alteration. We conclude that the microbiota is correlated with seminal quality, since the decrease in Lactobacillus and the increase in other species is seen in infertile men.

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women attended at a private laboratory / Prevalência de Trichomonas vaginalis em mulheres atendidas em um laboratório privado

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria, or other microorganisms, thus being a serious public health issue. Trichomonas vaginalis is the disease causative agent of trichomoniasis, a worldwide protozoan. The prevalence of trichomoniasis depends on some factors, including age, sexual activity, number of sexual partners, hygiene habits, among others. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in gynecological cytology in a private laboratory in the city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, quantitative, and descriptive study carried out in a private laboratory in Fortaleza, state of Ceará. Data for the research, such as age, marital status, and symptoms, were collected from the patients' medical records as well as the prevalence of cases in liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology (CC). Results: In 2019, 83 women were positive for trichomoniasis. The most prevalent age group was between 36 and 51 years old (41%), with an average of 39.9 years old. Regarding symptoms, 14 (16.8%) were asymptomatic and 41 (49.3%) had some symptom. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study describe the profile of women affected by Trichomonas vaginalis.

As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis são causadas por vírus, fungos, bactérias ou outros microrganismos, sendo assim um grave problema de saúde pública. O Trichomonas vaginalis, um protozoário presente em todo o mundo, é o agente etiológico causador da tricomoníase. A prevalência dessa doença depende de alguns fatores, incluindo idade, atividade sexual, números de parceiros sexuais, hábitos de higiene, entre outros. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de Trichomonas vaginalis, em citologia ginecológica em um laboratório privado em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo e descritivo realizado em laboratório privado em Fortaleza. Os dados para a pesquisa, como idade, estado civil, sintomas, foram retirados de prontuários das pacientes, assim como a prevalência de casos em citologia em meio líquido e CO. Resultados: No ano de 2019, 83 mulheres apresentaram positividade para tricomoníase. A faixa etária mais prevalente foi a de 36 a 51 anos (41%), ficando com a média de 39,9 anos. Em relação aos sintomas, 14 (16,8%), apresentaram-se assintomáticas e 41 (49,3%) apresentaram algum sintoma. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos neste estudo descrevem o perfil das mulheres acometidas pelo Trichomonas vaginalis.